Repeatability and High-Speed Validation of Supplemental Lead-Extrusion Energy Dissipation Devices

Abstract

"Recent researchonsupplementaldampingenabling lowtonodamagestructureshasledtonewdevices, suchaslead-extrusionbased high force-to-volume (HF2V) devices. They provide significant energy dissipation and force capacity in a small volume, enablingarangeofnovellowtonodamageconnectionsandsystems.However,despiteseveralresearchstudytestsandalimited rangeofvelocitytesting,theyhaveneverbeentestedacrossarealisticvelocityrangeorforrobustnesstomanufactureanddesign across several devices. These issuesare hurdles that limit professional design uptake and add uncertainty and risk to their use in design.Toaddressthem,aseriousdamage-freedissipationdevicecharacteriseitsforcecapacityandvariabilityduetomanufacture (repeatablequasistaticforce)andvelocityinput(peakforcetoconnections).Theseoutcomesarecriticaltosizealltheconnections andfoundationsfortheresultantdemandsandensurerobust,effectivedesign.Thismanuscriptpresentsthequasistatictestingof 96devicesdesignedforthesamequasistaticforcecapacity,aswellashigh-speedprototypetestingatvelocitiesupto200mm/sec. Quasistatic tests show device forces vary with standard deviation, σ<6.2% of design and average force. Peak input velocities of ∼200mm/s produced peak resistive forces of ∼350kN and increasingly weak velocity dependence as device input velocity increased,whichisanadvantageasitlimitslargedemandforcestoconnectingelementsandsurroundingstructureiflargerthan expected response velocities occur. Overall, the devices show stable hysteretic performance, with slight force reduction during high-speedtestingduetoheatbuild-upandsofteningoftheleadworkingmaterial.ThistestingquantifiedimportantHF2Vdevice dynamics and robustness for designers and is an important step towards design uptake. "