Gray Water Impacts & Utilization For Agriculture Commodities - Great Threat For Deliberation

Abstract

Creation of enabling environment for the citizens of any city is an alarming issue for custodians of the city concerned in the world. Quetta city is declared one of the worst polluted cities. Keeping in mind the causes of certain pollution in Quetta, a research study was conducted to find out the Pivotal factors of the said pollution. Results augmented that pH of the city wastewater was not ideal started from 7.610 in Killi Nohsaar up-to 7.820 in Killi Sabzal. Iron (Fe) contamination is very high and it was ranged from 0.213 ppm up-to 0.202 ppm which could cause Homosiderosis. Manganese determination in the city wastewater was 0.061 ppm up-to 0.048 ppm. The higher concentration of manganese could cause adverse effect on central nervous system. Copper concentration in city wastewater was ranged from 0.082 ppm up-to 0.061 ppm 0.061. Zinc accumulation ranged from 0.131 ppm up-to 0.120 ppm. Calcium concentration 120.000 ppm were found in the samples collected from sirki road followed by 116.000 ppm from Killi Nohsaar and110.000 ppm from Killi sabzal. As in spring water the calcium concentration is 19.9 mg/L. So, the higher concentration of calcium depresses cardiac activity and leads to respiratory and cardiac failure. Consuming more than 2500 mg of calcium per day might lead to kidney stones and problems with soft tissues. It is found that in Quetta city several people suffered from kidney problems. Maximum 18.000 ppm magnesium level was present in city wastewater collected form Killi sabzal. Consumption of excessive Magnesium-Mg may result in diarrhea, impaired kidney function, low blood pressure and muscle weakness. Higher sulphate concentration was noticed 127.219 ppm collected from sirki Road area, followed by 125.491 ppm from Killi Nohsaar. Maximum 117.006 ppm chloride was recorded in from Killi Nohsaar, followed by 115.375 ppm from Killi sabzal. Similarly, the highest 26.023 ppm nitrate was present in the samples collected from Killi Nohsaar; Followed by 25.670 ppm from Killi sabzal area and the lowest nitrate 23.987 ppm from sirki Road. As in normal water or spring water, the concentration of sulphate is 36 mg/L, chloride 16 mg/L and nitrate 0.68 mg/L respectively. But in the city wastewater the concentration of all these three elements were very high. Maximum iron 7.210 mg/100g was recorded in the samples of Spanich collected from Killi Nohsaar area, followed by 7.125 mg/100g from Killi sabzal area. Whereas the minimum 6.324 mg/100g of iron was recorded in the samples collected from Sirki Road area. The international standard of Iron in spinach (Spinacia Oleracea) is 2.71mg/100g. High concentration of iron could cause cirrhosis of liver and heart failure. Excessive intake of iron can cause cancer. Copper concentration in the samples collected ranged from 5.310 mg/100g up-to 5.013 mg/100g. If Copper to be taken in excessive quantity, would cause abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. The highest calcium concentrations 595.000 mg/100g in Vegetable-spinach grown with city wastewater were recorded in Killi Sabzal Area of Quetta. While the lowest calcium concentration 572.000 mg/100g was found in the samples collected from Killi Nohsaar area of Quetta. Now, according to National Institute of Health-NIH- Washington DC, USA.2010, consuming more than 2500 mg of calcium per day might lead to kidney stones and problems with soft tissues in human body. These results may cause the serious kidney problems among the citizens of Quetta. Similarly the higher 69.000 mg/100g magnesium concentration was recorded in the samples collected from Killi sabzal area, followed by 67.000 mg/100g magnesium was recorded in the sample collected from Killi Nohsaar area. While the lower 62.000 mg/100g magnesium was recorded in the sample collected from Sirki Road Area in Quetta.