A Density Functional Theory Study On Silver And Bissilver Complexes With Lighter Tetrylene: Are Silver And Bis-Silver Carbenes Candidates For Sars-Cov-2 Inhibition? Insight From Molecular Docking Simulation

Abstract

Ribavirin and remdesivir have been preclinically reported as potential drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV- 2 infection, while light silver tetrylene complexes (NHEPh–AgCl and (NHEPh–AgCl)2 with E ¼ C, Si, and Ge) have gained significant interest due to their promising applicability on the cytological scale. Firstly, the structures and bonding states of silver–tetrylene complexes (NHE–Ag) and bis-silver–tetrylenecomplexes ( NHE–Ag-bis) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at the BP86 level withthe def2-SVP and def2-TZVPP basis sets. Secondly, the inhibitory capabilities of the carbene complexes (NHC–Ag and NHC–Ag -bis) and the two potential drugs (ribavirin and remdesivir) on human-protein ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 protease PDB6LU7 were evaluated using molecular docking simulation. Thecarbene ligand NHC bonds in a head-o n configuration with AgCl and (AgCl)2, whereas, the other NHE (E¼ Si and Ge) tetrylene ligands bond in a side-on mode to the metal fragments. The bond dissociationenergy (BDE) of the NHE–Ag bond in the c omplex families follows the order of NHC–Ag > NHSi–Ag >NHGe–Ag and NHSi–Ag-bis > NHGe–Ag-bis > NHC– Ag-bis. The natural bond orbital analysis impliesthat the [NHEPh/AgCl] and [(NHEPh)2/(AgCl)2] donations are derived mainly from the s- and pcontributions of the ligands. The docking results indicate that both the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins are strongly inhibited by silver–carbene NHC–Ag, bis-silver–carbene NHC–Ag-bis, ribavirin, and remdesivir with the docking score energy values varying from 17.5 to 16.5 kcal mol 1 and 16.9 to 16.6 kcal mol 1, respectively. The root-mean-square deviation values were recorded to be less than 2 A in all the calculated systems. Thus, the present study suggests that silver–carbene NHC–Ag and bissilver– carbene NHC–Ag-bis complexes are potential candidates to inhibit ACE2 and PDB6LU7, and thus potentially conducive to prevent infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.