Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fatmeal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxidehydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight andobese subjects

Abstract

CVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was todetermine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to ahigh-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whippingcream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 andC-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratoryservices and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfafflmethod. Response variableswere converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantlylower following the meal containing MFGM (P<0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in theabsence of MFGM (P=0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had agreater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxinβreceptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The proteinand lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fatmeal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.